What was it called and why is it significant? The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad held a strike to protest their second wage cut in two months. Like the ARU it failed but gave a sense of solidarity to unskilled workers Members of the Industrial Workers of the World union, they were socialist unionists led by William "Big Bill" Haywood. Who creates Industrial Unionism (the American Railway Union) and what was its importance?Įugene Debs, although it failed after a major strike it added to the momentum of union movements and gave dignity to unskilled workers successful strikes helped raise the weekly wage from $17 to $24 and decrease the average hours worked per work by six The negotiated with the head managers to reach written agreements. Samuel Gompers created Craft Unionism (union of skilled workers from one or more trades) including the American Federation of Labor, what did this union accomplish? It legalized 8 hour work days, linked existing unions, held strikes, fought for equal pay for men and women
What things did the National Labor Union (NLU) do?
National Labor Union formed by ironworker William Sylvis. What were the two first large-scale labor unions? To improve 7 day workweeks, 12 hour days with no vacation, unemployment compensation, or reimbursement for work related injuries (675 peopls were killed each week) and families couldnt survive unless everyone had a job Why did workers, men, women, black, white, form unions? the south had no skilled workers and no money. and farmers were at the will of the railroad companies who charged them higher prices. The norh owned 90% of the stock for southern railroads. Why was the south in a stranglehold during the period of industrialization? It was supposed to ban the companies use of trusts, however it was tough to enforce since it never clearly defined trust What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and why did it fail? The moduls were also philanthropists, Rockefeller alone gave away over 500 million to his foundation, the university of chicago and a medical institute that helped cure yellow fever then when he had put all the other companies out of business he hiked up pricesĬritics called industrialist business owners robber barons, why was this statement unfair in a way? He paid his refiners extremely low wages and sold his oil for lower prices since it cost less to refine. How did Rockefeller ern huge profits off of oil? He gained control of the oil industry by creating trust agreements with other companies (horizontal monopoly) turning their stock over to trustees who ran the seperate corporations as one industry and divided profits up equally SEt up holding companies whose only job was to buy other companies stock. They bought out the compeition's stocks, creating a monopoly. Social Darwinism supported the notion of individual responsibility and blame, appealing to Protestants who figured riches were a sign of God's favor and the poor were lazy and inferior and deserved to be poorĪlthough some business owners believed in natural law, that no one had the right to intervene in the success or failure of a business, some did everything to control comptetition, what sort of things did they do? social darwinism made sense to people for what main reason? He used them to explain the evolution of scoietyĪbout 4000 millionares emerged after the Civil War. What did Herbert Spencer do with Darwin's biological theories? Sold the company to JP Morgan for 400million (40 billion today)Īn economic and social philosophy, supposedly based on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest What is it called when companies producing similar products merge?Ĭarnegie ended up controlling the whole steel industry so he smartly _ when it produced the mojority of the nations steel Vertical integration, Carnegie did this, which is harder to argue against than horizontal monopolization What is the process in which a company owner buys out the companies that make the raw materials for their products? attracting talented people by offering stocks and encouraging competition.
What were the main steps in Carnegie's management practices? The Carnegie Steel Company which ended up manufacturing more steel than all the factories in Great Britain Chapter 6 Section 3 Big Business and Labor (242) QuestionĪn idustrial railroad mogul who made a fortune for himself and gave to charityĪndrew Carnegie left his job at the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1873 and started this company
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